Journal of diabetes · 2025
Time Trends in Cardiovascular Event Incidence in New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study From Germany.
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Sarabhai Theresia, Kostev Karel
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Events of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain a critical concern in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Over 17 years, this study analyzed time changes in the 5-year incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), chronic coronary heart disease (CHD), transient ischemic attack (TIA), and ischemic stroke (IS).
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Disease Analyzer database, including patients aged ≥ 18 years with at least 12 months of no prior CVD with new-onset T2D in 2001-2006 (n = 10 162) and in 2013-2018 (n = 30 486), matched 1:3 by age and sex. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis estimated the 5-year cumulative incidence of the outcomes. Multivariable Cox regression models assessed temporal changes, adjusted for comorbidities.
RESULTS: The incidence of CHD and TIA significantly declined in 2013-2018 compared to 2001-2006, with HRs of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.63-0.73; p < 0.001) and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.52-0.76; p < 0.001), respectively. Reductions were more pronounced in women and older patients. Surprisingly, MI incidence showed only a trend of reduction (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.68-0.99; p = 0.045) and IS incidence was not different (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.85-1.12; p = 0.722) between time periods.
CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to report time trends in CVD incidence in new-onset T2D in Germany. From 2001 to 2018, the 5-year incidence of CHD and TIA decreased in new-onset T2D, reflecting demographic-specific advancements in diabetes and cardiovascular care. However, the stable incidence of IS and MI underscores a persistent challenge in prevention strategies in patients with prediabetes and T2D.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Disease Analyzer database, including patients aged ≥ 18 years with at least 12 months of no prior CVD with new-onset T2D in 2001-2006 (n = 10 162) and in 2013-2018 (n = 30 486), matched 1:3 by age and sex. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis estimated the 5-year cumulative incidence of the outcomes. Multivariable Cox regression models assessed temporal changes, adjusted for comorbidities.
RESULTS: The incidence of CHD and TIA significantly declined in 2013-2018 compared to 2001-2006, with HRs of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.63-0.73; p < 0.001) and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.52-0.76; p < 0.001), respectively. Reductions were more pronounced in women and older patients. Surprisingly, MI incidence showed only a trend of reduction (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.68-0.99; p = 0.045) and IS incidence was not different (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.85-1.12; p = 0.722) between time periods.
CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to report time trends in CVD incidence in new-onset T2D in Germany. From 2001 to 2018, the 5-year incidence of CHD and TIA decreased in new-onset T2D, reflecting demographic-specific advancements in diabetes and cardiovascular care. However, the stable incidence of IS and MI underscores a persistent challenge in prevention strategies in patients with prediabetes and T2D.