[Signal receptors of congenital immunity: a new molecular target for diagnostics and treatment of inflammatory diseases].

The discovery of signal receptors of congenital immunity (signal PRR) not only provided a novel view of basic aspects of pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases but also created a basis for the development of additional diagnostic criteria for these pathologies and new pharmaceuticals for their treatment. Reduced expression and function of PRR due to mutations/polymorphisms or epigenetic disturbances of regulation can be regarded as immunodeficient conditions manifest as severe infectious inflammatory diseases. In contrast, excessive expression and activation of PRR as a rule leads to chronic autoinflammatory, autoimmune, and atopic diseases involving adaptive immunity and aggression against own tissues and cells. Assessment of certain mutations in PRR genes, their expression and activation provides a powerful tool for in-depth diagnostics of inflammatory diseases. Simultaneously, new lines of immunostimulating and anti-inflammatory therapy are developed based on the knowledge of molecular physiology of PRR with the use of synthetic agonists and antagonists of signal PRR.