Translational lung cancer research · 2025
Metabolite biomarkers in lung cancer: unlocking the potential of body fluid analysis for early detection and prognosis-a narrative review.
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Kim Su Min, Yoon Jiyeon, Zhang Jing, Lee Seong Eun, Ku Bon Jeong, Park Junyoung O, Chung Chaeuk, Heo Jun Young, Kang Yea Eun, Kang Da Hyun
Аннотация
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, due to delayed diagnosis and the complexity of selecting the optimal treatment method, given the genetic diversity and heterogeneity of the disease. Traditional invasive techniques, such as tissue biopsy, carry risks of severe complications and are often costly. Therefore, there is increasing interest in non-invasive alternatives, particularly liquid biopsy. This review aims to propose promising circulating metabolite biomarkers for lung cancer and their clinical applications.
METHODS: A PubMed search [2014-2024] was conducted, focusing on fluid-based, non-invasive samples such as blood, urine, pleural effusion, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Only English-language articles relevant to lung cancer metabolomics were included.
KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS: Analysis of altered metabolites in lung cancer patients revealed significant metabolic pathway enrichments. Upregulated pathways included arginine biosynthesis and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, while downregulated pathways involved valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism. Metabolite biomarker changes across multiple body fluids were identified when comparing lung cancer patients to healthy controls. In blood, choline, serine, and threonine levels were reduced, whereas tryptophan and tyrosine were elevated. Pleural effusion exhibited decreased oleic acid and ceramide, urine showed increased creatine riboside (CR) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) revealed reductions in glycine and glycerol, highlighting distinct metabolic alterations associated with lung cancer.
CONCLUSIONS: Circulating metabolite biomarkers offer a promising, non-invasive approach for early lung cancer detection and personalized treatment strategies. Their accessibility and safety provide a viable alternative to invasive biopsies. Further clinical validation is essential to integrate these biomarkers into practice.
METHODS: A PubMed search [2014-2024] was conducted, focusing on fluid-based, non-invasive samples such as blood, urine, pleural effusion, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Only English-language articles relevant to lung cancer metabolomics were included.
KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS: Analysis of altered metabolites in lung cancer patients revealed significant metabolic pathway enrichments. Upregulated pathways included arginine biosynthesis and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, while downregulated pathways involved valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism. Metabolite biomarker changes across multiple body fluids were identified when comparing lung cancer patients to healthy controls. In blood, choline, serine, and threonine levels were reduced, whereas tryptophan and tyrosine were elevated. Pleural effusion exhibited decreased oleic acid and ceramide, urine showed increased creatine riboside (CR) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) revealed reductions in glycine and glycerol, highlighting distinct metabolic alterations associated with lung cancer.
CONCLUSIONS: Circulating metabolite biomarkers offer a promising, non-invasive approach for early lung cancer detection and personalized treatment strategies. Their accessibility and safety provide a viable alternative to invasive biopsies. Further clinical validation is essential to integrate these biomarkers into practice.