Applied anatomy of the vertebral arteries for endovascular neurointerventions.

The vertebral arteries (VAs) constitute most of the arterial supply to the posterior cerebral vascular circulation. They have anatomical specificities and may have variants that are critical for neurointerventionists to recognize in order to design open or endovascular surgical treatment. This review addresses each segment of the VA including its origin and discusses the branches and relevant anatomical features for neurointerventions.