Pandemic preparedness of effective vaccines for the outbreak of newly H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.

• Analyzed the outbreak situation and viral characteristics of the newly H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus. • The current approval and research and development of the H5N1 HPAI vaccines were summarized. • Proposed vaccine development approaches against newly H5N1 virus, e.g. adjuvanted vaccine, mRNA vaccine, multivalent vaccine. • Discussed other prevention and control strategies, e.g. poultry vaccination, global surveillance and comprehensive testing.