Novel human iPSC models of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disease and regenerative medicine.

The importance of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases is becoming increasingly evident, and, in parallel, human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) models of physiology and pathology are emerging. Here, we review new advancements in the differentiation of hiPSCs into glial, neural, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) cell types, and the integration of these cells into complex organoids and chimeras. These advancements are relevant for modeling neuroinflammation in the context of prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). With awareness of current limitations, recent progress in the development and application of various hiPSC-derived models shows potential for aiding the identification of candidate therapeutic targets and immunotherapy approaches.