Transcription factor Liv4 is required for growth and pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans.

Cryptococcus neoformans is an important invasive fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in humans. Its biological and pathogenic regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown, particularly due to the presence of those core transcription factors (TFs). Here, we conducted a detailed characterization of the TF Liv4 in the biology and virulence of C. neoformans. Deletion of TF Liv4 protein resulted in growth defect under both normal and stress conditions (such as high temperature and cell wall/membrane damaging agents), drastic morphological damage and also attenuated virulence in C. neoformans. These phenotypic changes might be contributed to transcriptional abnormality in the liv4Δ mutant, in which several cryptococcal genes involved in energy metabolism and cell wall integrity were downregulated. Furthermore, ChIP-seq and ChIP-qPCR assays suggested TF Liv4 might exert its regulatory function in transcription by its activation of RBP1 in C. neoformans. Taken together, our work highlights the importance of TF Liv4 in the growth and virulence of C. neoformans, and it facilitates a better understanding of cryptococcal pathogenesis mechanisms.