Journal of bodywork and movement therapies · 2026
Associations between core muscle functionality and self-esteem in women practicing reformer pilates: A cross-sectional study.
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Köse Elif Bengisu, Erdoğanoğlu Yıldız
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between core muscle functionality and endurance with self-esteem, body awareness, and body perception in women who regularly practice reformer pilates. This study is among the first to examine these associations in this population.
METHODS: The study included 37 women aged 20-45 years (mean ± SD = 32.4 ± 7.7 years) who had been participating in reformer pilates exercises three times per week for at least one year. Socio-demographic data were recorded. Core muscle functionality was assessed using the single-leg wall sit and repetitive single-leg squat tests, while endurance was evaluated with the trunk flexion endurance and side bridge tests. Self-esteem, body awareness, and body perception were measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Body Awareness Questionnaire, and Body Cathexis Scale, respectively.
RESULTS: Participants demonstrated high levels of self-esteem and body awareness but moderate body perception. A significant positive correlation was found between the right leg wall sit test and self-esteem (r = 0.329, p < 0.05), whereas no significant associations were observed between core endurance and the psychological variables.
CONCLUSION: Core muscle functionality, particularly right-leg performance, was associated with self-esteem in women practicing reformer pilates, whereas core endurance was not significantly associated with self-esteem, body awareness, or body perception. These findings support viewing exercise within a biopsychosocial framework, emphasizing its contribution not only to physical health but also to psychological and social well-being.
METHODS: The study included 37 women aged 20-45 years (mean ± SD = 32.4 ± 7.7 years) who had been participating in reformer pilates exercises three times per week for at least one year. Socio-demographic data were recorded. Core muscle functionality was assessed using the single-leg wall sit and repetitive single-leg squat tests, while endurance was evaluated with the trunk flexion endurance and side bridge tests. Self-esteem, body awareness, and body perception were measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Body Awareness Questionnaire, and Body Cathexis Scale, respectively.
RESULTS: Participants demonstrated high levels of self-esteem and body awareness but moderate body perception. A significant positive correlation was found between the right leg wall sit test and self-esteem (r = 0.329, p < 0.05), whereas no significant associations were observed between core endurance and the psychological variables.
CONCLUSION: Core muscle functionality, particularly right-leg performance, was associated with self-esteem in women practicing reformer pilates, whereas core endurance was not significantly associated with self-esteem, body awareness, or body perception. These findings support viewing exercise within a biopsychosocial framework, emphasizing its contribution not only to physical health but also to psychological and social well-being.