Associations between core muscle functionality and self-esteem in women practicing reformer pilates: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the relationship between core muscle functionality and endurance with self-esteem, body awareness, and body perception in women who regularly practice reformer pilates. This study is among the first to examine these associations in this population.

METHODS

The study included 37 women aged 20-45 years (mean ± SD = 32.4 ± 7.7 years) who had been participating in reformer pilates exercises three times per week for at least one year. Socio-demographic data were recorded. Core muscle functionality was assessed using the single-leg wall sit and repetitive single-leg squat tests, while endurance was evaluated with the trunk flexion endurance and side bridge tests. Self-esteem, body awareness, and body perception were measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Body Awareness Questionnaire, and Body Cathexis Scale, respectively.

RESULTS

Participants demonstrated high levels of self-esteem and body awareness but moderate body perception. A significant positive correlation was found between the right leg wall sit test and self-esteem (r = 0.329, p < 0.05), whereas no significant associations were observed between core endurance and the psychological variables.

CONCLUSION

Core muscle functionality, particularly right-leg performance, was associated with self-esteem in women practicing reformer pilates, whereas core endurance was not significantly associated with self-esteem, body awareness, or body perception. These findings support viewing exercise within a biopsychosocial framework, emphasizing its contribution not only to physical health but also to psychological and social well-being.