Research square · 2025
Blood-based Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegeneration in an Indigenous African Cohort using both SIMOA and NULISA Platforms.
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Akinyemi Tolulope, Pola Ilaria, Tan Kubra, Olalusi Oladotun, Yaria Joseph, Ogunde Gabriel, Traichel Wiebke, Rahmouni Nesrine, Oguntiloye Olabode, Fagbemi Ayotomiwa, Cadmus Eniola, Popoola Femi, Therriault Joseph, Ogunronbi Mayowa, Olujobi Dorcas, Famuyiwa Olaoluwa, Akinyemi Joshua, Pascoal Tharick, Owolabi Mayowa, Rosa-Neto Pedro, Udeh-Momoh Chinedu T, Ladokun Olusola, Romero-Ortuno Roman, Ogunniyi Adesola, Lawlor Brian, Kalaria Rajesh, Akinyemi Rufus
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: In low- and middle-income countries, Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) constitute a growing public health burden. Indeed, the lack of awareness and easy screening tools, such as blood-based biomarkers, leaves many patients undiagnosed. In this study, we explored the core biomarkers of AD in an indigenous African cohort (VALIANT) to assess their relevance and potential utility to aid clinical diagnosis.
METHODS: Nigerian African older adults (n = 967; ≥50 years) participating in the VALIANT study completed a baseline cross-sectional evaluation with associated clinical diagnosis. We quantified phosphorylated tau (p-tau 217), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light (NfL), and amyloid beta (Aβ42 and Aβ40) levels in plasma with both the Single Molecule Assay (SIMOA, Quanterix) and Nucleic acid-Linked Immuno-Sandwich Assay (NULISA, Alamar) platforms.
RESULTS: In agreement with previous findings, core AD biomarkers were associated with disease severity both in clinical diagnostic and clinico-pathological groups, with stepwise increases of p-tau 217, NfL and GFAP from cognitively unimpaired (CU) to dementia (p < 0.05). These results were consistent across both SIMOA and NULISA platforms. Comparison between sexes showed higher levels of biomarkers in male participants across diagnostic groups. We identified a significant effect of apoE E4 proteotype on p-tau217 levels after adjusting for age and sex but no significant effect on the other AD biomarkers.
CONCLUSION: This first application of cutting-edge plasma AD biomarker immunoassay using two ultrasensitive platforms in an indigenous African cohort showed good concordance and underscores the relevance and utility of blood-based biomarkers of AD in diverse populations. Additionally, sex differences could unveil biological distinctions inherent in the African population.
METHODS: Nigerian African older adults (n = 967; ≥50 years) participating in the VALIANT study completed a baseline cross-sectional evaluation with associated clinical diagnosis. We quantified phosphorylated tau (p-tau 217), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light (NfL), and amyloid beta (Aβ42 and Aβ40) levels in plasma with both the Single Molecule Assay (SIMOA, Quanterix) and Nucleic acid-Linked Immuno-Sandwich Assay (NULISA, Alamar) platforms.
RESULTS: In agreement with previous findings, core AD biomarkers were associated with disease severity both in clinical diagnostic and clinico-pathological groups, with stepwise increases of p-tau 217, NfL and GFAP from cognitively unimpaired (CU) to dementia (p < 0.05). These results were consistent across both SIMOA and NULISA platforms. Comparison between sexes showed higher levels of biomarkers in male participants across diagnostic groups. We identified a significant effect of apoE E4 proteotype on p-tau217 levels after adjusting for age and sex but no significant effect on the other AD biomarkers.
CONCLUSION: This first application of cutting-edge plasma AD biomarker immunoassay using two ultrasensitive platforms in an indigenous African cohort showed good concordance and underscores the relevance and utility of blood-based biomarkers of AD in diverse populations. Additionally, sex differences could unveil biological distinctions inherent in the African population.