Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2017
Gender Disparities in the Food Insecurity-Overweight and Food Insecurity-Obesity Paradox among Low-Income Older Adults.
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Hernandez Daphne C, Reesor Layton, Murillo Rosenda
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Obesity and obesity-related comorbidities are increasing among older adults. Food insecurity is a nutrition-related factor that coexists with obesity among low-income individuals. The majority of the research on the food insecurity-obesity paradox has been conducted on low-income mothers and children, with research lacking on large diverse samples of older adults.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess gender disparities in the association between food insecurity and overweight and obesity among low-income older adults.
STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional 2011 and 2012 National Health Interview Survey data were used. Food insecurity status was determined by ≥3 affirmative responses on the 10-item US Department of Agriculture Food Security Scale (FSS). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as outlined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention based on self-reported height and weight.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTINGS: Adults included were low-income (≤1.99 federal poverty level [FPL]), older (aged ≥60 years), with a normal BMI (18.5) or greater who had complete data on FSS, BMI, and the following covariates: age, race or ethnicity, marital status, income, nativity status, physical activity, poor health status, health insurance coverage, problems paying medical bills or for medicine, and region of residency (N=5,506).
STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Multivariate logistic regression models were stratified by gender to estimate the association between food insecurity and higher weight status. All models included covariates.
RESULTS: In covariate-adjusted models, compared with low-income, food secure men, low-income, food-insecure men had 42% and 41% lower odds of being overweight and overweight or obese, respectively. Despite the high prevalence rate of obesity among low-income, food-insecure women, food insecurity was not significantly related to overweight, obesity, or overweight or obesity for older adult women in adjusted models.
CONCLUSIONS: Food insecurity-overweight and -obesity paradox appears not to be present in older men. However, food insecurity and obesity coexist among low-income, older women.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess gender disparities in the association between food insecurity and overweight and obesity among low-income older adults.
STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional 2011 and 2012 National Health Interview Survey data were used. Food insecurity status was determined by ≥3 affirmative responses on the 10-item US Department of Agriculture Food Security Scale (FSS). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as outlined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention based on self-reported height and weight.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTINGS: Adults included were low-income (≤1.99 federal poverty level [FPL]), older (aged ≥60 years), with a normal BMI (18.5) or greater who had complete data on FSS, BMI, and the following covariates: age, race or ethnicity, marital status, income, nativity status, physical activity, poor health status, health insurance coverage, problems paying medical bills or for medicine, and region of residency (N=5,506).
STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Multivariate logistic regression models were stratified by gender to estimate the association between food insecurity and higher weight status. All models included covariates.
RESULTS: In covariate-adjusted models, compared with low-income, food secure men, low-income, food-insecure men had 42% and 41% lower odds of being overweight and overweight or obese, respectively. Despite the high prevalence rate of obesity among low-income, food-insecure women, food insecurity was not significantly related to overweight, obesity, or overweight or obesity for older adult women in adjusted models.
CONCLUSIONS: Food insecurity-overweight and -obesity paradox appears not to be present in older men. However, food insecurity and obesity coexist among low-income, older women.