Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with negative aquaporin-4 antibodies and positive anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies: A case report.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) are rare autoimmune-mediated chronic inflammatory disorders involving the central nervous system. The concept of NMOSDs has widened up recently. Its diagnostic criteria have broadened the knowledge of this particular disease including the atypical cases where antiaquaporin-4 antibody is negative and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody is positive. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein is a protein expressed on the outer surface of myelin sheath and oligodendrocytes of the central nervous system. The detection of anti-MOG-Ab is emerging evidence, and thus, research on the role of this antibody in such seronegative cases is still underway. Early diagnosis and adequate therapy is essential in such cases. Here, we report an eight-year-old girl who was diagnosed with NMOSDs and found to have anti-MOG antibodies in place of AQP-4 antibodies.