Early Assessment of Neurodevelopmental Scales Correlates With Positive M-CHAT Screening in 24-Month-Old Infants.

BACKGROUND

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication and repetitive behaviors. Early identification of high-risk infants is crucial for intervention and long-term outcomes. This study explored the association between early neurological development from 12 to 15 months and the related risk factors for ASD, with a primary focus on M-CHAT status at 24 months as the screening outcome, and the impact of family history, prematurity, and sleep disorders.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 50 children aged 24 months who tested positive on the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) and 50 matched controls with negative results. Neurodevelopmental status was assessed using the Gesell Developmental Diagnosis Scale (GDDS), the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, Second Edition (PDMS-2), and the Sensory Integration Schedule (SIS). Statistical analyses, including logistic regression, were used to evaluate associations among baseline characteristics, neurodevelopmental scores, and ASD risk factors.

RESULTS

A total of 100 infants were included, with 50 classified as high risk and 50 as low risk. High-risk infants had significantly higher rates of family history of ASD, prematurity, and sleep disorders. They showed impairments across several PDMS-2 subscales, including stationary, locomotion, and grasping, as well as GDDS subscales such as adaptability and language. Logistic regression analysis revealed that neurodevelopmental impairments were significantly associated with M-CHAT positivity at 24 months.

CONCLUSIONS

Early neurodevelopmental impairments in infants aged 12 to 15 months may serve as important indicators of ASD risk. Identifying these factors may facilitate timely intervention and improve outcomes for high-risk children.