Prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among patients consulting a rare disease outpatient clinic for rare and undiagnosed diseases in China.

BACKGROUND

Patients with rare diseases often experience significant psychological distress. This study aims to assess the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms and identify associated factors among patients consulting a rare disease outpatient clinic for rare and undiagnosed diseases in China.

METHODS

A clinic-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June 2024, with 201 participants recruited. Sociodemographic, health-related characteristics, and psychological symptoms were assessed using validated instruments. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms.

RESULTS

Overall, 68.2% of participants reported depressive symptoms, and 41.3% reported anxiety symptoms. Poor sleep quality (OR = 10.298, 95%CI: 1.915–55.367) and pain or discomfort (OR = 2.292, 95% CI: 1.143–4.596) were associated with a higher likelihood of depressive symptoms. For anxiety symptoms, confrontation (OR = 1.143, 95% CI: 1.042–1.253) and acceptance-resignation (aOR = 1.166, 95% CI: 1.051–1.294) were positively associated with anxiety symptoms. Higher social support was a protective factor of both depressive symptoms (aOR = 0.893, 95%CI: 0.813–0.98) and anxiety symptoms (aOR = 0.885, 95%CI: 0.817–0.959).

CONCLUSIONS

These findings highlight the substantial psychological burden faced by patients consulting a rare disease outpatient clinic in China and underscore the importance of integrating mental health support into the multidisciplinary care. Routine psychological screening and timely support can improve patients’ overall well-being and quality of life.