Unchanging prevalence of late presentation to care among patients with chronic hepatitis B.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: A recent consensus defines a delay in hepatitis B (HBV) diagnosis as presentation with late (hepatocellular carcinoma or decompensated cirrhosis) or advanced (fibrosis ≥ 3) stage disease. We aimed to determine the prevalence of late and advanced stage presentation among chronic HBV (CHB) patients and to determine factors associated with late and advanced stage presentation.

METHODS

Consecutive CHB patients seen from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2018 were included and analyzed on January 2019. Time periods were divided into 2 periods (2007-2012 vs. 2013-2018). Patients were also divided into "Presentation with late stage" and "Presentation with advanced stage," and compared with "timely HBV diagnosis."

RESULTS

Out of the 782 patients, 138 (17.6%) presented with late stage while 67 (8.6%) presented with advanced stage, with no difference between the 2 time periods. Compared to patients with "timely HBV diagnosis," presentation with either late or advanced stage was more likely to be male, older, and diabetic patients, resorting to alcohol misuse and having abnormal liver chemistries (low albumin, high aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], and international normalized ratio [INR]). Presentation with late stage liver disease was also associated with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative status and no family history of HBV. On multivariate analysis, male gender, older age, and alcohol misuse were associated with presentation with either late or advanced stage liver disease.

CONCLUSIONS

A quarter of CHB patients already have significant liver injury at the time of initial HBV diagnosis. The fact that presentation with late or advanced disease has not changed in 12 years emphasizes the importance of universal screening in endemic countries.