Significance of the γ-aminobutyric acid and FKBP5 genes polymorphisms in the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder developing.

OBJECTIVE

Aim: To analyse and interpret international and domestic literature regarding the potential relationship between the risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the presence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and FKBP5 genes.

PATIENTS AND

METHODS

Materials and

Methods

The literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, DOAJ, Scopus, Medline, Google Scholar, as well as on the official websites of the Ministries of Ukraine, libraries of higher medical institutions, the World Health Organization (WHO), and general Google search resources. The search period covered the years 2015-2025. To more comprehensively achieve the research objective, several historical scientific publications were also taken into account. The search keywords included PTSD, SNP, GABA gene, and FKBP5. The search encompassed scientific sources in English, Ukrainian, German, and French addressing issues related to PTSD and SNPs. Studies concerning the treatment of PTSD or single-nucleotide polymorphisms other than those of the FKBP5 and GABA genes were excluded. The initial article pool comprised 100 publications, of which 40 were included in the final analysis.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions

Early detection of PTSD within specific population groups allows the implementation of timely preventive measures aimed at reducing the incidence, severity, and duration of the disorder, thereby accelerating the restoration of psychological balance and resilience. The combination of genetic and epigenetic factors with neurotransmitter dysfunction constitutes the basis for the development of stress-related disorders. In particular, determining the frequency of GABA and FKBP5 gene SNPs may serve as a diagnostically significant biomarker of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PTSD.