Epcoritamab plus rituximab, dexamethasone, cytarabine, oxaliplatin/carboplatin induces deep and durable responses in transplant-eligible patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: results from the EPCORE NHL-2 trial.

The treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains challenging, with inadequate responses to salvage chemoimmunotherapy limiting patients' ability to receive potentially curative treatments such as autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Epcoritamab, a subcutaneous CD3×CD20 bispecific antibody, has demonstrated antitumor activity in R/R DLBCL as a monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy. In arm 4 of the EPCORE® NHL-2 phase IB/II trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04663347), transplant-eligible patients with CD20+ R/R DLBCL received epcoritamab plus rituximab, dexamethasone, cytarabine, oxaliplatin/carboplatin (R-DHAX/C). Patients could continue epcoritamab until ASCT or progression. Twenty-nine patients received epcoritamab plus R-DHAX/C; 72% had stage IV disease; 66% had primary refractory disease. As of January 15, 2025 (median follow-up 40.4 months), the overall response rate (primary endpoint) was 79%, and complete response rate was 69%. Sixteen patients (55%) proceeded to ASCT and five remained on epcoritamab monotherapy. At 36 months, an estimated 70% of responses were ongoing, 59% of patients were progression-free, and 76% were alive. Common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) were thrombocytopenia (90%), anemia (66%), and neutropenia (59%). Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 45% of patients; all were grade 1-2 and resolved after a median of 2 days. Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome occurred in one patient. No fatal TEAE or clinical tumor lysis syndrome were observed. Epcoritamab plus R-DHAX/C achieved deep, durable responses with manageable safety. Over half of patients proceeded to ASCT, a potentially curative treatment. These findings suggest the potential of epcoritamab combined with standard chemoimmunotherapy as an effective salvage treatment for patients with R/R DLBCL.