Immunological aspects of the effect of pentoxifylline (Trental) (a brief review).

Pentoxifylline (methixanthine derivate) has haemorheological activity, thought to based on its ability to reduce blood viscosity and increase the filterability of blood cells and widely used for the treatment of various types of vascular insufficiency. Recent studies provide evidence for the effect of this drug on immune functions. Pentoxifylline is able to influence in vitro as well as in vivo production of cytokine including tumour necrosis factor alpha. This drug has been shown to attenuate the symptoms of endotoxin shock and adult respiratory distress syndrome. Its beneficial effect on tumour-induced cachexia, organ transplantation and AIDS can widen the indications of clinical administration. Nevertheless, the chronic continuous administration of Pentoxifylline in arterial insufficiency is to be considered due to its potentially enhanced susceptibility to malignant disorders.