Fluid management in pre-eclampsia.

We review the evidence base for fluid management in pre-eclampsia. Current understanding of the relevant pathophysiology and the possible impact of styles of fluid management on maternal and fetal outcome are presented. There is little evidence upon which to base the management of fluid balance in pre-eclampsia. Reports are conflicting and no large prospective outcome studies of fluid management have been performed. Volume expansion does not appear to reduce the incidence of fetal distress. Pulmonary oedema and oliguria receive particular attention. There is no evidence of long-term renal damage in pre-eclampsia, but there are strong suggestions that pulmonary oedema is linked to fluid administration. Monitoring is discussed and some principles of management are suggested