Managing the agitation caused by amoxicillin encephalopathy: a case report.

Neurological or psychiatric side-effects can be seen with antimicrobial medications. A 66-year-old male patient with no known disease was brought to the emergency room due to a speech disorder and aggressive and unconscious behaviours following an initial dose of amoxicillin (1 gram orally). For treatment of the agitation without suppressing breathing, the patient was sedated with dexmedetomidine. After approximately 30 h of intensive care follow-up, the patient was discharged with complete recovery. This case emphasizes the importance of considering the effects of antibiotics in the differential diagnosis of delirium or acute psychosis cases.