A meta-analysis on the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in liver transplant candidates and its associated risk factors and outcomes.

Pre-liver transplant (LT) chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as a leading cause of post-operative morbidity. We aimed to report the prevalence, associated risk factors, and clinical outcomes in patients with pre-LT CKD. Meta-analysis and systematic review were conducted for included cohort and cross-sectional studies. Studies comparing healthy and patients with s pre-LT CKD were included. Outcomes were assessed with pooled hazard ratios. 15 studies were included, consisting of 82,432 LT patients and 26,754 with pre-LT CKD. Pooled prevalence of pre-LT CKD was 22.35% (CI: 15.30%-32.71%). Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, viral hepatitis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and older age were associated with increased risk of pre-LT CKD: (OR 1.72 CI: 1.15-2.56, P = 0.01), (OR 2.23 CI: 1.76-2.83, P < 0.01), (OR 1.09; CI: 1.05-1.13, P < 0.01), (OR 1.73; CI: 1.10-2.71 P = 0.03), and (MD: 2.92 years; CI: 1.29-4.55years; P < 0.01) respectively. Pre-LT CKD was significantly associated with increased mortality (HR 1.38; CI: 1.2-1.59; P < 0.01), post-LT end-stage renal disease and post-LT CKD. Almost a quarter of pre-LT patients have CKD and it is significantly associated with post-operative morbidity and mortality. However, long-term outcomes remain unclear due to a lack of studies reporting such outcomes.