Anti-NMDAR encephalitis followed by seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A case report and literature review.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory central nervous system syndrome, and encephalitis associated with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies is an autoimmune encephalopathy. A patient with both diseases, separately or simultaneously, is rare as a clinical phenomenon, but cannot be ignored. We report the clinical characteristics and imaging features of a special case with anti-NMDAR encephalitis followed by NMOSD. We subsequently reviewed the English language literature about demyelinating disorders with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Details of the 34 patients identified are summarized and compared. There may be a connection between anti-NMDAR encephalitis and NMOSD.