Cureus · 2025
Unique Gender-Related Characteristics and Differences of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients in Azerbaijan: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
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Shirinova Aytan, Asadov Chingiz, Hasanova Aypara, Alimirzoyeva Zohra
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate gender-related demographic, clinical, and molecular differences, and imatinib response in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in Azerbaijan.
SETTING: The study was carried out at National Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center, Baku, Azerbaijan.
PERIOD: This is a retrospective data analysis carried out from January 2008 to December 2023.
METHODS: A total of 763 patients with Ph+ CML were included. Case records were reviewed for demographic data, disease phase, risk group, clinical manifestation, molecular characteristics, and response to imatinib. Genetic mutations were analyzed in 163 patients.
RESULTS: A total of 763 CML patients were analyzed, with a female predominance (54%) observed, an atypical trend compared to global data. Female patients had significantly smaller spleen sizes, lower hemoglobin, and higher platelet counts than male patients. Imatinib response was better in female patients (55.2%) compared to male patients (44.8%) (p = 0.03). ABL kinase domain mutations were significantly more frequent in male patients (21.3%) than in female patients (six percent) (p = 0.004), with T315I mutation also higher in male patients (p = 0.036). Survival analysis showed significantly better overall survival in female patients (p = 0.038), although subgroup differences by risk category were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: This study highlights significant gender-related differences in CML patients in Azerbaijan, including a unique female predominance, better treatment response, and superior survival outcomes in women. These findings underscore the need to consider gender as a relevant factor in CML prognosis, treatment planning, and future research.
SETTING: The study was carried out at National Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center, Baku, Azerbaijan.
PERIOD: This is a retrospective data analysis carried out from January 2008 to December 2023.
METHODS: A total of 763 patients with Ph+ CML were included. Case records were reviewed for demographic data, disease phase, risk group, clinical manifestation, molecular characteristics, and response to imatinib. Genetic mutations were analyzed in 163 patients.
RESULTS: A total of 763 CML patients were analyzed, with a female predominance (54%) observed, an atypical trend compared to global data. Female patients had significantly smaller spleen sizes, lower hemoglobin, and higher platelet counts than male patients. Imatinib response was better in female patients (55.2%) compared to male patients (44.8%) (p = 0.03). ABL kinase domain mutations were significantly more frequent in male patients (21.3%) than in female patients (six percent) (p = 0.004), with T315I mutation also higher in male patients (p = 0.036). Survival analysis showed significantly better overall survival in female patients (p = 0.038), although subgroup differences by risk category were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: This study highlights significant gender-related differences in CML patients in Azerbaijan, including a unique female predominance, better treatment response, and superior survival outcomes in women. These findings underscore the need to consider gender as a relevant factor in CML prognosis, treatment planning, and future research.