Frontiers in medicine · 2026
Factors influencing quality of life in patients with lower extremity varicose veins: a cross-sectional study.
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Wang Liqin, Lin Yan, Cai Qiuni, Wang Fengxiong
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Lower extremity varicose veins (LEVV) significantly impair health-related quality of life (HRQoL), but comprehensive evidence on physiological and psychological determinants remains limited, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to identify independent predictors of disease-specific HRQoL in patients with primary LEVV.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2023 to April 2025 at a university-affiliated hospital in China, enrolling 256 patients with primary LEVV (CEAP C2-C6). HRQoL was assessed using the Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ). Clinical severity was measured by the Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) and CEAP classification. Psychological status was evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Stepwise multiple linear regression was performed to identify independent predictors of AVVQ scores.
RESULTS: The mean AVVQ score was 18.6 ± 9.4, indicating moderate QoL impairment. Eight variables emerged as independent predictors in the final model (adjusted R 2 = 0.611, p < 0.001): higher VCSS (β = 0.312), higher HADS-Anxiety score (β = 0.224), advanced CEAP classification (β = 0.198), higher HADS-Depression score (β = 0.156), greater number of venous symptoms (β = 0.142), higher BMI (β = 0.128), absence of regular physical activity (β = -0.108), and bilateral involvement (β = 0.096).
CONCLUSION: Quality of life in patients with lower extremity varicose veins is independently influenced by clinical severity, psychological distress (anxiety and depression), higher BMI, physical inactivity, symptom burden, and bilateral disease. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive management strategies that integrate psychological screening, weight control, and exercise prescription alongside conventional clinical care.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2023 to April 2025 at a university-affiliated hospital in China, enrolling 256 patients with primary LEVV (CEAP C2-C6). HRQoL was assessed using the Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ). Clinical severity was measured by the Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) and CEAP classification. Psychological status was evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Stepwise multiple linear regression was performed to identify independent predictors of AVVQ scores.
RESULTS: The mean AVVQ score was 18.6 ± 9.4, indicating moderate QoL impairment. Eight variables emerged as independent predictors in the final model (adjusted R 2 = 0.611, p < 0.001): higher VCSS (β = 0.312), higher HADS-Anxiety score (β = 0.224), advanced CEAP classification (β = 0.198), higher HADS-Depression score (β = 0.156), greater number of venous symptoms (β = 0.142), higher BMI (β = 0.128), absence of regular physical activity (β = -0.108), and bilateral involvement (β = 0.096).
CONCLUSION: Quality of life in patients with lower extremity varicose veins is independently influenced by clinical severity, psychological distress (anxiety and depression), higher BMI, physical inactivity, symptom burden, and bilateral disease. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive management strategies that integrate psychological screening, weight control, and exercise prescription alongside conventional clinical care.