Cureus · 2026
Structure, Reliability, and Validity of the Bengali Version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale in Musculoskeletal Chronic Pain Patients in India.
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Ghoshal Soumyajyoti, Dasgupta Santi Ranjan, Paul Subhadip, Dutta Arkadeb
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Elevated pain catastrophizing increases the severity of pain experience. The 13-item Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) can aid in managing chronic pain. Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMSP) is common among the native Bengali population in India seeking treatment.
PURPOSE: This study aimed to culturally adapt and psychometrically validate the original PCS under the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines, with a novel goal to examine the factor structure of pain catastrophizing in native Bengali CMSP patients in India and compare it with the theoretical pain appraisal model.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the original PCS into a Bengali version for use in India (BNGA-IND-PCS). The secondary objective was to examine the psychometric properties of BNGA-IND-PCS in patients with CMSP.
METHODS: The Bengali version of the PCS for India (BNGA-IND-PCS) was created through forward and backward translation, evaluated by a committee of clinical and language experts, and pre-tested in 30 CMSP patients. The sample size was determined from a 10:1 sample-to-item ratio. A total of 253 CMSP patients (pain duration ≥ 6 months) from convenience sampling were included in the cross-sectional observational study to perform psychometric validation, comprising factor structure determination, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity (pain severity, anxiety, and depression).
RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the BNGA-IND-PCS two-factor model (pain reflection and helplessness) provided the best fit with a borderline acceptable root mean square error of approximation of 0.06. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.921) and test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.852, 95% CI: 0.772-0.903) of total BNGA-IND-PCS scores were good to excellent and adhered to the COSMIN criteria. Total BNGA-IND-PCS scores moderately correlated with pain severity, anxiety, and depression (r = 0.406-0.549, p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The PCS translation and cross-cultural adaptation into Bengali demonstrated a two-factor structure and good-to-excellent psychometric properties in a single-sample validation. Future studies with large-scale patient samples are required to test the "ecological validity" under clinical settings.
PURPOSE: This study aimed to culturally adapt and psychometrically validate the original PCS under the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines, with a novel goal to examine the factor structure of pain catastrophizing in native Bengali CMSP patients in India and compare it with the theoretical pain appraisal model.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the original PCS into a Bengali version for use in India (BNGA-IND-PCS). The secondary objective was to examine the psychometric properties of BNGA-IND-PCS in patients with CMSP.
METHODS: The Bengali version of the PCS for India (BNGA-IND-PCS) was created through forward and backward translation, evaluated by a committee of clinical and language experts, and pre-tested in 30 CMSP patients. The sample size was determined from a 10:1 sample-to-item ratio. A total of 253 CMSP patients (pain duration ≥ 6 months) from convenience sampling were included in the cross-sectional observational study to perform psychometric validation, comprising factor structure determination, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity (pain severity, anxiety, and depression).
RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the BNGA-IND-PCS two-factor model (pain reflection and helplessness) provided the best fit with a borderline acceptable root mean square error of approximation of 0.06. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.921) and test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.852, 95% CI: 0.772-0.903) of total BNGA-IND-PCS scores were good to excellent and adhered to the COSMIN criteria. Total BNGA-IND-PCS scores moderately correlated with pain severity, anxiety, and depression (r = 0.406-0.549, p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The PCS translation and cross-cultural adaptation into Bengali demonstrated a two-factor structure and good-to-excellent psychometric properties in a single-sample validation. Future studies with large-scale patient samples are required to test the "ecological validity" under clinical settings.