Viral infections and the kidney: HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C.

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), or hepatitis C virus (HCV) can cause rapidly progressive renal disease, so prompt recognition and management are critical. Viral glomerulonephropathy can now often be successfully managed with a specific combination of antiviral therapy, immunosuppressants, plasmapheresis, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and angiotensin 2 receptor blockers.