OTX1 and OTX2 as possible molecular markers of sinonasal carcinomas and olfactory neuroblastomas.

OTX Homeobox genes are involved in embryonic morphogenesis and in the development of olfactory epithelium in adult. Mutations occurring in the OTX genes are reported to be associated to tumorigenisis in human. No reports correlate the expression of OTX genes and neoplasms of the nasal cavity. Thus, through immunohistochemical and Real-time PCR analysis we investigated OTX1 and OTX2 expression in the more frequent types of nasal and sinonasal tumours. Variable expression of both genes were found in normal sinonasal mucosa and in tumours. Interestingly, no expression of both OTX genes were detected in sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinomas; only OTX1 was found in non-intestinal-type adenocarcinomas and OTX2 was selectively expressed in olfactory neuroblastomas. In conclusion, OTX1 and OTX2 genes might have a role in the pathogenesis of different types of sinonasal neoplasms.