Association between intraocular lens diopter and posterior capsular opacification.

IMPORTANCE

Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common complication after cataract surgery.

BACKGROUND

We aimed to assess the relationship between intraocular lens (IOL) diopter and formation of PCO among a consecutive real-world registry.

DESIGN

Cohort study.

PARTICIPANTS

Included were 14 264 consecutive cases of uncomplicated cataract surgery performed during 2014 to 2018 in Helsinki University Hospital in Finland.

METHODS

Nd:YAG capsulotomies were used as an estimate of clinically significant PCO. A single eye of each patient and a single type of IOL were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy free survival.

RESULTS

Mean age was 73.2 ± 9.9 years and 61.8% were female. Mean follow-up time was 25.4 ± 16.8 months. Overall PCO rates were 1.1% at 1-year, 3.0% at 2-year, 7.1% at 3-year and 10.2% at 4-year. Patients with IOL diopters (D) in the lower quartile (≤20.0 D) had significantly higher rates of PCO (1.3% at 1-year, 4.4% at 2-years, 9.4% at 3-years and 14.2% at 4-years, P < .001). A logistic regression model showed increased risk for PCO formation with lower diopter IOLs; for ≤20.0 D: OR 1.343 (95% CI: 1.132-1.593), for ≤10.0 D: OR 2.409 (95% CI 1.203-4.287), P < .001 for all comparisons. In a multivariant regression accounting for possible confounders, results remained consistent.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among a cohort of patients undergoing cataract surgery, use of lower diopter IOLs was associated with increased incidence of clinically significant PCO. Research into IOL biomechanics to decrease PCO may be warranted especially in lower diopter IOLs.