Iron deficiency augments bisphenol A-induced oxidative stress in rats.

Bisphenol A (BPA), an estrogenic environmental contaminant is also known for oxidative stress-inducing effect. Malnutrition is recognized as a confounding factor in oxidative stress. However, little is known about effect of malnutrition on oxidative stress induced by BPA or other endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). We studied effect of malnutrition (iron deficiency) in rats chronically exposed to low levels of BPA taking into consideration the oxidative stress and antioxidant status in liver, kidney and gonads. Iron deficiency significantly elevated level of lipid peroxidation in BPA-exposed rats. Similarly, decrease in reduced glutathione level was more significant in rats maintained on iron deficient diet compared to those maintained on normal diet. Iron deficiency also significantly modulated activities of vital antioxidant enzymes in all the tissues. Female rats showed more vulnerability than males to iron-deficiency modulated effects of BPA on the above parameters. This study demonstrated that malnutrition, especially iron deficiency, might act as a confounding factor in EDC-induced oxidative stress. However, more studies may be needed to confirm effect of nutritional factors on estrogenic activity of BPA or other EDCs.