PloS one · 2026
Association between female reproductive factors and intraocular pressure according to glaucoma status: A cross-sectional study of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
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Song Ji Eun, Lee Mi Yeon, Yoo Chungkwon, Kim Joon Mo
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: To investigate the association between endogenous estrogen exposure and intraocular pressure (IOP) in postmenopausal women stratified by glaucoma status.
METHODS: This population-based, cross-sectional study analyzed 1,823 postmenopausal women aged ≥50 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2011). Age at menarche, and menopause, reproductive span, and time since menopause were used as surrogate markers of lifetime estrogen exposure. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed for the non-glaucoma and glaucoma groups, adjusting for confounders.
RESULTS: Among women without glaucoma, indicators of longer estrogen exposure were significantly associated with higher IOP. Menopause at the age of ≥49 years and reproductive span of ≥33 years were associated with IOP increases of 0.79 mmHg and 0.88 mmHg, respectively. Conversely, in women with glaucoma, longer estimated estrogen exposure was associated with lower IOP. Menopause at ≥48 years of age and reproductive span at ≥31 years were not associated with IOP reduction. These findings demonstrate distinct associations between endogenous estrogen exposure proxies and IOP in women with and without glaucoma.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a context-dependent role of estrogen in ocular physiology, with potential implications for glaucoma risk assessment and the development of preventive strategies in aging women.
METHODS: This population-based, cross-sectional study analyzed 1,823 postmenopausal women aged ≥50 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2011). Age at menarche, and menopause, reproductive span, and time since menopause were used as surrogate markers of lifetime estrogen exposure. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed for the non-glaucoma and glaucoma groups, adjusting for confounders.
RESULTS: Among women without glaucoma, indicators of longer estrogen exposure were significantly associated with higher IOP. Menopause at the age of ≥49 years and reproductive span of ≥33 years were associated with IOP increases of 0.79 mmHg and 0.88 mmHg, respectively. Conversely, in women with glaucoma, longer estimated estrogen exposure was associated with lower IOP. Menopause at ≥48 years of age and reproductive span at ≥31 years were not associated with IOP reduction. These findings demonstrate distinct associations between endogenous estrogen exposure proxies and IOP in women with and without glaucoma.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a context-dependent role of estrogen in ocular physiology, with potential implications for glaucoma risk assessment and the development of preventive strategies in aging women.