Ductal carcinoma in situ.

Management of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has evolved from radical surgery to the option of a more minimally invasive approach. Data show that breast conservation surgery performed with administration of radiotherapy, like mastectomy, is feasible and safe. Because efforts to find a safe group for elimination of radiotherapy have resulted in data that conflict, radiotherapy still remains standard of care as a part of breast conservation for DCIS. Tamoxifen has also shown a significant recurrence benefit and has become standard in the treatment of receptor-positive disease. Investigation of other agents, such as anastrazole and trastuzumab, are ongoing.