Hypercalcemia associated with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in renal transplant recipients: case report and literature review.

Background

Pneumocystis jirovecii associated pneumonia is a potentially life-threatening opportunistic infection, occurring most frequently in the first year after renal transplantation, and may be associated with hypercalcemia. Clinical presentation:We report the case of a renal transplant recipient presenting with Pneumocystis jirovecii associated pneumonia and hypercalcemia due to ectopic production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 6 years after renal transplantation. Calcemia and 1-25 hydroxyvitamin D levels normalized after our patient was treated by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Discussion: We review similar cases to delineate the clinical and biological profile of patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia associated hypercalcemia.

Conclusion

Physicians should evoke this diagnosis in renal transplant recipients presenting with pulmonary infection associated with hypercalcemia.