Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity in a Child with Tuberculous Meningitis A Case Study and Review of Related Literature.

A one-year old boy was admitted to hospital for lethargy and vomiting over three days. Neurological examination revealed abnormalities. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed evidence of meningitis. A purified protein derivative (PPD) test, T-SPOT.TB and radiological examination indicated tuberculous meningitis. During treatment, the child developed hypertension, sinus tachycardia, tachypnoea, dystonia and high fever. These episodes improved after administration of propranolol, artane and clonazepam. Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity is a rare manifestation of tuberculous meningitis. Early detection is very important as it can avoid diagnostic errors and overtreatment.