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Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease where inflammation around the lowest part of the hair follicle results in non-scarring hair loss. This review investigates the course of the disease, its unpredictability and variation from a single patch of scalp hair loss to the loss of all hair on the body. The first drug with AA indication was approved in 2022, the JAK-inhibitor baricitinib. This paves the way for future research that may lead to the development of new effective pathogenesis-specific treatments.