Long-term dietary habits and interventions in solid-organ transplantation.

Diet and nutrition are moving to the forefront of modern primary and preventive care to help address the rising burden of chronic diseases among the general population. Such a movement has yet to occur formally across the field of transplantation. We therefore looked to establish the current base of knowledge regarding diet, nutrition and solid-organ transplantation. A limited number of focused studies looking into the dietary habits of solid-organ transplant patients have been performed and many of the available studies have detailed the nutritional status in the peri-operative period. Frequently described, however, is the heavy incidence of metabolic abnormalities, such as obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes, occurring after solid-organ transplantation. Optimistically, several studies have noted improvement in several metabolic abnormalities with the use of dietary interventions in the post-transplant period. Despite these positive results, few consensus guidelines for post-transplant diet have been established and nutritional support among transplant programs remains limited. Although there are many hurdles to implementation of detailed dietary recommendations and nutritional support for transplant patients, creating such programs and guidelines could dramatically impact long-term outcomes and burden of chronic metabolic disease for transplant recipients.