Urinary 5-HIAA as a Potential Diagnostic Marker in Acute Appendicitis: A Preliminary Report of Its Promising Role in Early Detection.

Background

Acute appendicitis (AA) is a common surgical emergency worldwide. Over the past few decades, diagnostic imaging has become a cornerstone in the identification of acute appendicitis, significantly contributing to the reduction in unnecessary laparotomies and associated healthcare costs. This study aimed to investigate the influence of serum and spot urine 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels, as well as other established clinical and biochemical parameters on the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

Methods

This prospective study was conducted between January and November 2023, evaluating 97 patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis. Serum and spot urine 5-HIAA levels, level of white blood cell (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, C-reactive protein (CRP), and Alvarado score were analyzed. Patients were further allocated to subgroups based on their Alvarado scores, the onset time of the symptoms, and pathological findings to statistically assess the relationship between the parameters.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 34.6 ± 14.8 years. Of the patients, 57 (58.8%) were male, and 40 (41.2%) were female. Spot urine 5-HIAA levels exhibited statistically significant variation among different symptom onset time groups, with elevated levels observed in patients presenting within the first 12 h of symptom onset (p < 0.001). Neutrophil counts were significantly different among Alvarado score groups (p < 0.001), whereas CRP levels significantly increased with the onset time of the symptoms (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Increased spot urine 5-HIAA is supportive of the diagnosis of AA in patients presenting within the first 12 h of symptom onset. Hematological parameters, especially CRP, may provide more reliable information regarding disease severity and progression.