Research advances in dual-conversion therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumour with high global incidence and mortality rates, particularly prevalent in Asia and Africa. Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, most patients are diagnosed at an intermediate or advanced stage, where conventional treatments yield limited efficacy. For patients with tumours that are too large or whose residual liver volume is insufficient, we have innovatively employed a dual-conversion integrated treatment strategy. This approach combines tumour biological transformation (such as molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy) with residual liver volume transformation (such as portal vein embolization and portal vein ligation), aiming to simultaneously curb tumour progression and enhance postoperative hepatic functional reserve. This review summarises recent research advances and clinical applications of dual conversion therapy in HCC, analysing its potential and challenges in improving surgical resectability rates and prognosis. It also outlines future development directions, providing theoretical foundations and practical guidance for comprehensive HCC management.