[A case of chylothorax and chylous fistula following neck dissection with literature review].

To investigate the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of cervical chylous fistula and chylothorax following neck dissection. We retrospectively analyzed the diagnosis and treatment of one patient who developed a cervical chylous fistula and chylothorax after left cervical lymph node dissection, supplemented by a review of relevant literature. During the initial surgery, the thoracic duct was sutured and a sternocleidomastoid muscle flap was transferred for reinforcement. Postoperatively, the patient received local pressure bandaging and continuous negative pressure drainage. Due to unsatisfactory outcomes, subsequent interventions included thoracoscopic ligation of the thoracic duct and injection of group A Streptococcus via the cervical drainage tube, which ultimately led to the patient's complete recovery. This combined treatment approach was successfully employed to manage a case of cervical chylous fistula with chylothorax following neck dissection.