Skin-to-Skin Contact for Mother and Infant: A Conceptual Framework.

Skin-to-skin contact (SSC) is a well-established, evidence-based practice with profound effects on maternal and infant outcomes. Despite global implementation of SSC with nurses at the helm, a clearly articulated and illustrated framework has yet to be identified. The purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual framework of SSC that identifies and depicts key concepts influencing the mother and infant as they engage in SSC. The framework integrates theoretical, physiological, and relational components associated with the practice and illustrates the dynamic interaction occurring between the mother-infant dyad during SSC. Known outcomes of SSC are integrated into the framework including physiologic stability, breastfeeding support, attachment, pain reduction, and psychological well-being. This framework is presented from a nursing theory and practice perspective and can be used to guide future research, clinical practice, education, and theorizing related to SSC implementation and maternal-infant care.