Prior Sexual Trauma Exposure Impacts Posttraumatic Dysfunction and Neural Circuitry Following a Recent Traumatic Event in the AURORA Study.
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Rowland Grace E, Roeckner Alyssa, Ely Timothy D, Lebois Lauren A M, van Rooij Sanne J H, Bruce Steven E, Jovanovic Tanja, House Stacey L, Beaudoin Francesca L, An Xinming, Neylan Thomas C, Clifford Gari D, Linnstaedt Sarah D, Germine Laura T, Rauch Scott L, Haran John P, Storrow Alan B, Lewandowski Christopher, Musey Paul I, Hendry Phyllis L, Sheikh Sophia, Jones Christopher W, Punches Brittany E, Kurz Michael C, Gentile Nina T, Hudak Lauren A, Pascual Jose L, Seamon Mark J, Harris Erica, Pearson Claire, Merchant Roland C, Domeier Robert M, Rathlev Niels K, Sergot Paulina, Sanchez Leon D, Miller Mark W, Pietrzak Robert H, Joormann Jutta, Pizzagalli Diego A, Sheridan John F, Smoller Jordan W, Harte Steven E, Elliott James M, Kessler Ronald C, Koenen Karestan C, McLean Samuel A, Ressler Kerry J, Stevens Jennifer S, Harnett Nathaniel G
Аннотация
METHODS: Participants (N = 2178) were recruited following acute trauma exposure (primarily motor vehicle collision). A subset (n = 242) completed magnetic resonance imaging that included a fearful faces task and a resting-state scan 2 weeks after the trauma. We investigated associations between prior ST and several dimensions of posttraumatic symptoms over 6 months. We further assessed amygdala activation and connectivity differences between groups with or without prior ST.
RESULTS: Prior ST was associated with greater posttraumatic depression (F1,1120 = 28.35, p = 1.22 × 10-7, ηp2 = 0.06), anxiety (F1,1113 = 17.43, p = 3.21 × 10-5, ηp2 = 0.05), and posttraumatic stress disorder (F1,1027 = 11.34, p = 7.85 × 10-4, ηp2 = 0.04) severity and more maladaptive beliefs about pain (F1,1113 = 8.51, p = .004, ηp2 = 0.02) but was not related to amygdala reactivity to fearful versus neutral faces (all ps > .05). A secondary analysis revealed an interaction between ST and lifetime trauma load on the left amygdala to visual cortex connectivity (peak Z value: -4.41, corrected p < .02).
CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that prior ST is associated with heightened posttraumatic dysfunction following a new trauma exposure but not increased amygdala activity. In addition, ST may interact with lifetime trauma load to alter neural circuitry in visual processing regions following acute trauma exposure. Further research should probe the relationship between trauma type and visual circuitry in the acute aftermath of trauma.