Description of a Case of Helicobacter pylori Infection with In Vitro Resistance to Tetracycline: An Exceptional Event with No Consequences?

Resistance in Helicobacter pylori to tetracycline is rare. We describe the case of an H. pylori strain with a high level of resistance to tetracycline (minimum inhibitory concentration = 12 mg/L). However, despite tetracycline resistance, bismuth quadritherapy was effective. Analysis of the patient's antibiotic treatment history over the previous 25 years revealed repeated 3-month courses of tetracycline for the treatment of acne, suggesting in vivo selection pressure responsible for the emergence of the triple mutation (AGA→TTC) in 16S rDNA associated with tetracycline resistance. This is a rare event but one worth monitoring, especially in view of the widespread use of bismuth quadritherapy for probabilistic treatment in countries where it is available.