Correlations between serum vitamin B12 and folate levels among mother-infant dyads in Punjab state, North-West India.

AIM: Adequate vitamin B12 levels in infancy are crucial for normal psychomotor and cognitive development of infants. Our aim was to examine serum vitamin B12, folate and ferritin levels in exclusively breastfed healthy full-term infants (age group: 1-6 months), and also investigate their correlation with maternal markers.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 exclusively breastfed healthy full-term infants (age group: 1-6 months) along with their lactating mothers. Serum vitamin B12, folate and ferritin levels were determined for each mother-infant dyad using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTS

The mean serum vitamin B12, folate and ferritin levels were 512 vs. 535 pg/mL, 15 vs. 12 ng/mL and 313 vs. 114 ng/mL in infants and mothers, respectively. Among 100 infants, 26 (26%) had lower vitamin B12 levels and 5 (5%) had inadequate folate levels. In addition, 22 (22%) of 100 lactating mothers were deficient in vitamin B12 levels and 14 (14%) had inadequate folate levels. We found a statistically significant positive correlation between infant and maternal vitamin B12 (r = 0.659, P < 0.001) and folate levels (r = 0.51, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

Vitamin B12 deficiency was observed in 26% of infants and 22% of lactating mothers. Vitamin B12 and folate levels of infants were positively correlated with maternal levels in the state of Punjab, North-West India. Our findings support that maternal vitamin B12 status can be used as a valuable predictor of infant vitamin B12 status.