Tuberculosis and the eye.

OBJECTIVES

1. To refresh knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations and treatment of ocular tuberculosis; 2. To highlight the ocular complication of tuberculosis.

METHOD: Through an internet search and review of current literature on tuberculosis and its ocular complications, the information relevant to the objectives was obtained.

CONCLUSIONS

TB can affect any structure in the eye and adnexae. Ocular TB is not easy to diagnose because most times there is no concurrent active systemic tuberculosis. However, once TB is confirmed, treatment is generally the same as for systemic TB. Topical steroids are given in addition, in cases like phlyctenulosis. Early diagnosis and treatment of ocular TB can prevent blindness or severe ocular morbidity. With the growing epidemic of HIV and the consequent increased risk of developing TB, ophthalmologist and eye care workers are, therefore, advised to heighten their suspicion of ocular TB.