Clinical hepatocyte transplantation.

A severe shortage of suitable allografts is a long-standing and worldwide problem for patients who are waiting for organ transplantation. Hepatocyte transplantation has been proposed as an alternative therapeutic approach for liver disease patients to address this urgent and unmet medical need. The cell replacement approach does not replace orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), but rather it complements OLT especially for patients who do not require whole liver replacement, such as those with congenital metabolic disorders. This review article summarizes the current knowledge and limitations of clinical hepatocyte transplantation and aims to advance our understanding toward the goal of developing novel cell replacement therapies for patients who are on the OLT waiting list.