Delta-opioid receptor-mediated neural protection and regeneration.

The delta-opioid receptor was previously viewed as a mediator in pain regulation. Recent data shed light on its specific role in neural protection and regeneration. An up-regulation of delta-opioid receptor expression and/or activity protects neuronal cells/tissues against various injuries and promotes neural regeneration. This review focuses on these new findings and the underlying mechanisms. In particular, we summarize the following key points: (1) the role of delta-opioid receptor in neuroprotection across various models and conditions; (2) the mechanisms of delta-opioid receptor neuroprotection against acute injury; (3) the neuroprotective mechanisms of delta-opioid receptor during prolonged injury; (4) delta-opioid receptor protection against ischemic and degenerative brain diseases and the underlying mechanisms; and (5) the regulation of delta-opioid receptor in neural regeneration. This article aims to provide an overview of delta-opioid receptor-mediated neural protection and regeneration, as well as its potential in treating neurological diseases.