Is There a Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Primary Monosymptomatic Enuresis Nocturna?

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between primary monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna (PMNE) and vitamin D deficiency in children. Patients and

Methods

This retrospective case-control study included 307 PMNE patients aged 5-18 years and 254 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Demographic data and biochemical parameters of the participants were obtained from hospital records. Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were measured using the chemiluminescence immunoassay method. The Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, Pearson correlation and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analyses.

Results

Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were significantly lower in the PMNE group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The rate of vitamin D deficiency was higher in the PMNE group. Vitamin D deficiency (OR: 3.164, 95% CI: 1.195-8.378, p = 0.02) and family history of enuresis (OR: 2.790, 95% CI: 1.01-5.8, p = 0.04) were found to be independent associated factors for PMNE. A significant negative correlation was found between serum vitamin D level and weekly bedwetting frequency (r = -0.377, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were significantly lower in the PMNE group (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.89). It is recommended that vitamin D levels should be routinely evaluated in children with PMNE and the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation should be investigated in prospective studies.