Cerebellar functional connectivity alteration in individuals with lower limb amputation.

Limb amputation triggers a reorganization of brain structure and function. Previous research using neuroimaging techniques, such as resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, indicates reduced functional connectivity in the sensorimotor network in amputees compared to non-amputees. Yet, data on lower limb amputees remains limited. We investigated functional connectivity differences within the sensorimotor network (S1M1) using an analysis of 10 regions of interest in a group of 26 lower limb amputees compared to non-amputees. The statistical analysis revealed a decreased connectivity network component involving cerebellar regions within the S1M1 network, specifically between the contralateral Cerebellum and primary sensorimotor cortical areas ipsilateral to the amputated limb. These findings underscore the complexity of cerebral adaptations post-amputation, highlighting a significant decrease in functional connectivity at network level. The research emphasizes the importance of investigating changes in functional connectivity in this population to understand the neuroadaptive processes resulting from an amputation.