Frontiers in nutrition · 2025
Secular trends of vitamin D and calcium intake and their circulating levels in US adults from 2007 to 2018.
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Du Yongliang, Ma Chao, Shang Zhaoyue, Zhang Xiaohua, Duan Yanlin, Liu Tong, Yu Yang, Yang Shuman
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the secular trends of total calcium and vitamin D intake and their circulating levels together among adults in the United States (US). Understanding the trends of these nutrients may be useful for refining existing nutrition policy and guidelines.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to report trends in total calcium and vitamin D intake and their circulating levels in the US population aged 18 years or older in 2007-2018.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study identified adults aged 18 years or older in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018. Calcium and vitamin D intake including their supplements were the average of two 24-h recalls. Serum calcium and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured using established methods. Weighted regression was used to test trends in calcium and vitamin D intake, and serum total calcium and 25(OH)D levels.
RESULTS: This research included 16,751 participants, including 9,046 males and 7,705 females. Serum total calcium significantly decreased with survey years from 2007 to 2018 (9.42 to 9.31 mg/dL) (P trend <0.001). Calcium intake declined from 2009 to 2018 (1,070 to 1,010 mg/day; P trend <0.001). In contrast, vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D increased with survey years (5.8 to 11.0 mcg/day and 65.6 to 68.5 nmol/L, respectively; all P trend <0.001). The trends in calcium intake vs. serum total calcium (P trend interaction =0.267), and vitamin D intake vs. serum 25(OH)D with survey years were comparable (P trend interaction =0.190). Inadequate vitamin D intake decreased with survey years (86.0 to 80.2%; P trend = 0.002). Moderate vitamin D deficiency (22.3 to 21.5%; P trend = 0.043), but not severe vitamin D deficiency (3.3 to 2.9%; P trend = 0.119), also declined with calendar years.
CONCLUSION: From 2007 to 2018, US adults showed a decrease in serum total calcium, and an increase in serum 25(OH)D levels. Both trends were partly due to declined calcium and increased vitamin D intake.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to report trends in total calcium and vitamin D intake and their circulating levels in the US population aged 18 years or older in 2007-2018.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study identified adults aged 18 years or older in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018. Calcium and vitamin D intake including their supplements were the average of two 24-h recalls. Serum calcium and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured using established methods. Weighted regression was used to test trends in calcium and vitamin D intake, and serum total calcium and 25(OH)D levels.
RESULTS: This research included 16,751 participants, including 9,046 males and 7,705 females. Serum total calcium significantly decreased with survey years from 2007 to 2018 (9.42 to 9.31 mg/dL) (P trend <0.001). Calcium intake declined from 2009 to 2018 (1,070 to 1,010 mg/day; P trend <0.001). In contrast, vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D increased with survey years (5.8 to 11.0 mcg/day and 65.6 to 68.5 nmol/L, respectively; all P trend <0.001). The trends in calcium intake vs. serum total calcium (P trend interaction =0.267), and vitamin D intake vs. serum 25(OH)D with survey years were comparable (P trend interaction =0.190). Inadequate vitamin D intake decreased with survey years (86.0 to 80.2%; P trend = 0.002). Moderate vitamin D deficiency (22.3 to 21.5%; P trend = 0.043), but not severe vitamin D deficiency (3.3 to 2.9%; P trend = 0.119), also declined with calendar years.
CONCLUSION: From 2007 to 2018, US adults showed a decrease in serum total calcium, and an increase in serum 25(OH)D levels. Both trends were partly due to declined calcium and increased vitamin D intake.