Subspecialty training in andrology.

The field of andrology has evolved significantly in both Europe and the United States over the past 30 years. Although andrology fellowship training programs in these two regions share some common aspects, there are substantial differences as well. Andrology is a broader field in Europe, with andrology fellowship training incorporating topics such as prostate disease, testicular cancer, and genitourinary infection/inflammation. In the United States, these issues are more commonly taught during urology residency, with andrology fellowship training focusing more commonly on male sexual and reproductive health. Finally, European and American fellowship training is compared and contrasted in terms of certification and accreditation procedures, with a look toward the future in each region.