Differences in Trends in Cancer Incidence Rates Among People With HIV During 2001-2019 by Race and Ethnicity and by Risk Group in the United States.

BACKGROUND

It is unclear whether cancer risk among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH) has declined equally across all racial/ethnic and transmission risk groups.

METHODS

We used data on PWH aged ≥20 years from the HIV/AIDS Cancer Match Study during 2001-2019. We used Poisson regression to assess time trends in incidence rates for each cancer site by racial/ethnicity and risk groups, adjusting for age, registry, and sex. We also estimated adjusted rate ratios across racial and ethnic and risk groups in 2001-2004 and 2015-2019.

RESULTS

Trends in age-standardized rates differed across racial/ethnic groups and across risk groups for some cancers. For example, liver cancer rates declined 23% per 5-year period among White PWH, 11% among Black PWH, and 18% among Hispanic PWH. Anal cancer rates declined among men who have sex with men, were stable among people who inject drugs, and increased among other risk groups. Between 2001-2004 and 2015-2019, the relative difference in cancer incidence rates by race/ethnicity increased for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and liver cancer but decreased for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL); by risk group, relative differences increased for NHL and liver cancer and decreased for HL and lung and anal cancers.

CONCLUSIONS

Among PWH in the United States during 2001-2019, HL, lung, liver, and cervical cancer rate trends were different across racial/ethnic groups. HL, lung, anal, and liver cancer rate trends were different across risk groups. Future work should examine underlying causes of the differences in trends.